![]() 1 Within the neonate stage of life stem cells serve to differentiate and proliferate into the multitude of cell types and lineages required for continuing development, while in adults their primary role is regenerative and restorative in nature. These cells are key mediators in the development of neonates and in restorative processes after injury or disease as they are the source from which specific cell types within differentiated tissues and organs are derived. Stem cells are a unique population of cells present in all stages of life that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. This review compares stem cells arising from these different sources of origin and include clinical roles for stem cells in modern medical practice. Stem cells offer hope in neurodegeneration to replace neurons damaged during certain disease states. In this regard, emerging use for stem cells is their potential to treat pain states and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Stem cell therapies are at present indicated for a range of clinical conditions beyond traditional origins to treat genetic blood diseases and have seen substantial success. Stem cells began their role in modern regenerative medicine in the 1950’s with the first bone marrow transplantation occurring in 1956. Stem cells can be extracted from different sources, including bone marrow, amniotic cells, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and placental tissue. Another way to differentiate these cells is based on their origins. Oligopotent and unipotent stem cells are seen in adult organ tissues that have committed to a cell lineage. Multipotent stem cells can only differentiate into one germ line tissue. Pluripotent stem cells are limited to any of the three embryonic germ layers however, they cannot differentiate into extra-embryonic tissue. Totipotent stem cells can give rise to any cell of an embryo but also to extra-embryonic tissue as well. ![]() One way to classify these cells is based on their differentiation capacity. Over recent decades, they have been studied and utilized for repair and regenerative medicine. They are considered building blocks of tissues and organs. Stem cells are types of cells that have unique ability to self-renew and to differentiate into more than one cell lineage.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |